More proof of research everyone in the Equine Medical Community knows, but never shares with Owners!
The articles on this page were found on the Internet, in newspapers, magazines and Medical/Veterinarian study reports, from around the world! They are written by the Geneticists, Scientists, MD's, BVM's and, DVM's, as far back as the 1970',who were conducting studies on Genetic Bowel Imperfections, in both horses and humans. They all were looking for a genetic link to conclusively prove, that in some types of intestinal blockages in humans and impactions in horses, genetics played a contributing factor in providing the mutations, necessary to create them.
To further address proof on the subject, we provided a letter from a DVM, EP on Page 5. She adds to ours, her informed, professional point of view so if you missed reading her letter, return by clicking the link to page 5 in blue below.
The University of Minnesota
Equine Center
It is very likely, that other major genetic disorders, of the horse can be better understood, with gene mapping approaches. Identification of specific genes, causing these disorders could also lead to development and, selection of specific medications to treat, the conditions.
The BVM, EP who was assigned to perform a necropsy and pathology report on the former Grand National champion, declared before Lloyds of London Insurance Board of Inquir, held
in Donnington, Sussex, England on Saturday, October 5th, 1977, that he determined,
the cause of the $2 million pound, insured Champion's death, to be Impaction Colic. In his statement to the board he noted, that the bowels of the equine, because of genetic imperfections, found in the lining, created dysfunction and stalled motility, which caused an impaction to occur and in his opinion, the impaction was not related to
improper care, nor feeding of the equine.
Horse and Hound Magazine
Notable Embryo Geneticist Dr. Ray Ford, while heading a team for the Government, addressed on April 3,1989 , a prestigious body of the finest scientific minds and began his speech with the following two statements. "To limit the use of genetics in harnessing the power over life and death and not use them, as a deciding factor as to why and how all creatures on this earth, become endowed, would mean the microscopic universe, that the gene exist in, is beyond our science to taper with!' "If we as scientists, let something as minute as a gene, determine our very existence, without using our science to turn the tide and overcome disease, growth potentials, metabolism, intelligence and any other factors that decide the fate of our existence,
God has wasted his time giving us the knowledge to do so! "
Yale University Gazette
Animal Science Journal
Article date 2005 study conducted by Dr. Kumagai, Suzuki, Shinohara, Ohitomo and Nishida
at the School of Agriculture Sciences Equine Science Tohoku University Japan.
Heritabilities in heavy racehorses was estimated using the restricted maximum likelihood
method, with a full data set of accumulated frequency of medical treatment against
digestive disorders of 3 classes of colic. Hereditabilty estimates for the same traits were also obtained using one data set from several affected animals only. In addition a 2 class,
one threshold model with a defined record of colic was applied to the full set and
heritability estimation of such likely disorders showed up in all three digestive disorders /
colic resulting from flatulence, constipation and overfeeding. These results suggest that
future studies using a threshold model horse in regards to sibs and 1/2 sibs should be
conducted in order to establish a link genetically to these disorders.
This information was complied by, our research team. It is only intended to open your eyes to facts, that are already out there, but carefully and cleverly hidden, under Genetic Covers, which are never brought to light, in redundant Colic articles. An Autosomal Recessive Gene is a mode by which, a genetic trait is inherited, that is located within or on the autosomes or the 1-22, non-sexual determining chromosomes. The recessive trait, becomes phenotypically apparent or, as an obvious expression of a trait, when two copies of a gene, are present in any individual. In other words, the subject possessing such a genetic pair, would be suspect homozygous for the trait. An example of a homozygous trait, is a dam or sire, that can produce offspring of one color. Recessive genes will also show, a horizontal inheritance or straight down a bloodline, which is observed most often in a pedigree or breed of Equine, whose DNA, is passed on to their offspring, when him or her is mated to their own kindred. SCIDS, in Arabian foals, is a well known and highly publicized example, of this type of trait. However; there are over 22, other known disorders, also attributed to this type of trait, that are not publicized, including one, that the British Ministry of Agriculture brought to light from a study on 3,500 Equine Subjects in 1992. It was conducted on various groups of equines, with defective traits, and found under the heading, "Congenital Defects Of The Gastrointestinal System" and we quote: " All 500, of the affected Individuals, suspect to present, with an Autosomal Recessive Inheritance trait, resulted in Congenital Defects of the Gastrointestinal System, by chronically forming impactions, in various areas along the intestinal tract. The segments most involved, being the Right Dorsal and the Right or Left Ventral Coli, ( colon), the Jejunum and the Ileum (Small Intestines). It was ascertained, that these subjects, had
within hours of birth and at various ages of their lives, had multiple episodes of colic based on such impaction formations. Our findings did indeed show, a strong leaning to a Autosomal Recessive Mendelian Inheritance Disorder in subjects, whose siblings, Dam and/or Sire, had appeared symptomatic, with the trait as well.
All 500 subjects, which appeared to be affected with the trait, were from various breeds and were symptomatic, diagnosed and treated, for one or multiple bouts,
of impaction based colic. During the 6 year study, 322, died during a bout or later were humanly euthanized, when conventional colic treatments and in 37 cases, surgical intervention, failed to restore them to sufficient or normal health. The remaining 178, symptomatic individuals, which survived, were from various breeds, but each of the 500 subjects, had familial lines containing various amounts of certain ancestral or direct, DNA connections. This was not conclusive evidence, that any or even some of the suspect affected Homozygous Probands, were from a certain pedigree or kindred to any particular breed, but this fact post suspiciously warranted, further DNA studies to later be conducted along this line and include siblings and all offspring, of any future subjects"
Mitochondrial DNA Linked, To Equine Gastrointestinal Disorders, by Oxford University of Genetic Animal Sciences( 1987)
Mitochondrion {plural Mitochondria}, are a small organelle or a specialized part of a cell, that resembles an functions, as an organ. These are only present, in the egg of the mare and are in most of the cells, of the Equine body. They convert, certain chemicals, in food, in the presence of oxygen to a common currency, of energy inside their cells, or (ATP). Mitochondria, contains its own private DNA, and in recent years, has been tied to over 27, hereditary Equine disorders as a result of mutations, within the Mitochondrial DNA. Since only the female egg is involved, the inherited disorder is passed, only through a Dam's DNA to her offspring. Male and female offspring, from an affected mare, will be affected and exhibit, as either asymptomatic or symptomatic, of the trait but, only the female offspring, can pass the trait to her offspring. A Gastrointestinal Disorder, within the Longitudinal Muscle layer of The Large Intestinal Wall, is one of the 27 disorders, of Mitochondrial DNA. This disorder found in both, affected male or female equines, can periodically destabilize conductive energy, within the muscle, which can interrupt or cease motility, within the Large Intestine, which forms the catalysis, for a fecal matter impaction, which is the suspect,
contributing factor, in a bout of impaction colic.
World renoun New York Gastoenterologist & surgeon Dr.Brandon Dittmer stated in his speach on June 28th at the auspicious Gastroenterology Convention held in Copenhagen Denmark, that research shows genetics play a huge part as to cause and effect of imperfections within the bowels of individuals and animal test subjects that present with
chronic Gastrointestinal blockages and conditions.
The New York Times June 30th,1980
The first affected individual having the single gene trait or Homozygous mutation in his or her DNA and is capable of passing the trait to all his or her offspring is called a Proband. If the Proband remains asymptomatic of the trait (showings no signs of the disorder) because the disorder is not apparent, the proband, if bred to his or her own breed or other breeds will continue affecting all his or her offspring and may not be detected by the owner or their Vet. till they or their offspring become symptomatic of the trait or showing signs of the disorder.Mendelian Inheritance is a gentic trait (mutation) that is determined by only one single allele (gene) not a pair and is specific as a gene on one or both members of the 1-22 chromosome pairs. They are characterized by the pattern of DNA transmission in Equine family lines also called pedigree or breed. The term breed or kindred also includes relatives outside the breed who have the same immediate nucleus (part of the whole or core ) family ties.
